Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Ebastine targets HER2/HER3 signaling and cancer stem cell traits to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2026.5751

Figure Lengend Snippet: EBA impairs cancer stem cell-like properties. (A) BT474 and SKBR3 cells were treated with EBA for 48 h, and ALDH1 activity was assessed by flow cytometry using the Aldefluor assay. DEAB was used to define the baseline of Aldefluor-positive fluorescence. (B) BT474 cells (5x10 4 cells/ml) were plated in ultra-low attachment dishes and cultured in the presence or absence of EBA for 5 days. The number and volume of mammospheres were measured by microscopy. (C) Overall survival of patients with breast cancer stratified by the co-expression of ALDH1A1 and CD44. (D) Spearman correlation analysis of ALDH1A1 and CD44 mRNA levels in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n=76). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer stratified by (E) ALDH1A1 and (F) CD44 expression. Patients were divided into high- and low-expression groups based on the median gene expression. Statistical significance was determined using the log-rank test. (G) JIMT-1 cells were treated with EBA (3 μ M) for 48 h and the CD44 high /CD24 low cell populations were identified by flow cytometry. (H) JIMT-1 cells (1.5x10 4 cells/ml) were cultured under serum-free suspension conditions in the presence of EBA (3 μ M) for 8 days. Mammosphere number and volumes were quantified. ** P<0.01 and **** P<0.0001 vs. vehicle-treated control (0 μ M EBA). EBA, ebastine; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; DEAB, diethylaminobenzaldehyde; CTL, control; ISO, isotype.

Article Snippet: The human breast cancer cell lines SKBR3, BT474, MDA-MB-453 (American Type Culture Collection) and JIMT-1 (Leibnitz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH) were cultured in DMEM, MEM or RPMI-1640 (all Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 100 U/ml penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Microscopy, Expressing, Gene Expression, Suspension, Control

Journal: Drug Development Research

Article Title: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Aliphatic‐Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives: Induction of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Molecular Docking in Breast Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1002/ddr.70267

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell cycle distribution of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells after treatment with compound 4. Cells were exposed to the IC₅₀ concentration of compound 4 for 72 h and analyzed using propidium iodide (PI) staining by flow cytometry. Histograms indicate the percentage of cells in G₀/G₁, S, and G₂/M phases in control and treated groups. Compound 4 induced a marked accumulation of cells in the S phase, indicating inhibition of DNA synthesis and replication stress–mediated cell cycle arrest.

Article Snippet: Human breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 were obtained from Leibniz Institute DSMZ (Germany).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control, Inhibition, DNA Synthesis

Journal: Drug Development Research

Article Title: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Aliphatic‐Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives: Induction of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Molecular Docking in Breast Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1002/ddr.70267

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Compound 4 on apoptotic cell distribution in breast cancer cells. (A) MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells were treated with the IC₅₀ concentration of compound 4 for 72 h, and apoptosis was analyzed by FITC Annexin V/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry. (B) Pie charts represent the percentage of viable, early apoptotic, and late apoptotic/necrotic cells in control and treated groups. A marked increase in apoptotic cell populations was observed after treatment, consistent with the cytotoxic and cell cycle arrest effects of compound 4.

Article Snippet: Human breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 were obtained from Leibniz Institute DSMZ (Germany).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Double Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control